Notes on the two vocal gendhing and on their revision
by Suraji
Gendhing ‘Budheng-Budheng’ laras pelog pathet nem
In the book of Wedhapradangga (chronicle of Gotek), volume II, compiled by Raden Ngabehi Pradjapangrawit, it is stated that gendhing ‘Budheng-Budheng’ was composed during the reign of Paku Buwono IV (1788-1820) by Kanjeng Sasradiningrat. The significance of the title is rather unclear. The word ‘budheng’ in the dictionaries is translated as: ‘dull’, ‘dull-witted’ (but also ‘black monkey’).
With regard to the gendhing, I recall a story I heard from Bapak Mloyowidodo: the Author of the gendhing is supposed to be inspired by a Dutch woman who is not particularly beautiful but has special attractions coming from unusual features. Such features are hinted at in the andhegan text, which opens with a likely reference to the husband of the lady.
In a classical klenengan performance, gendhing ‘Budheng-Budheng’ is usually played during the daytime, using kendhang ciblon irama wilet. This gendhing has a special sindhenan part known as ‘sindhenan arum-arum’. According to Pradjapangrawit, the often repeated words ‘arum arum’reflect and emphasize the mood of the gendhing, which when performed has a fragrant (arum) feel.
The sindhenan for classical gendhings, from the merong to the inggah, are normally sung by a single pesindhen using a text of wangsalan with a free rhythmic style (with the exception of gendhings Bedhayan and Srimpen). Other texts are rarely used (except in the case of gendhings which are specially composed with a gerongan text of Kinanthi or Asmarandana metres). The melody of sindhenan wangsalan in general follows the melody of the rebab, based on the seleh notes of the gendhing. However, in the case of gendhing Bedhayan and Srimpen, the seleh of the vocal melody does not always follow the melodic line of the rebab or the particular pitch (high or low register) of the seleh notes in the gendhing. Sometimes, the seleh note for the balungan may be in the lower register while the sindhenan uses the high register, or vice-versa.
With reference to the above guidelines that rule the general treatment of vocal gendhings – and following a suggestion by the producer of this CD – I attempted to compose a sindhenan part for gendhing ‘Budheng-Budheng’ using three pesindhen who would each sing a different sindhenan melody. At times, the pesindhen sing a different melody at the beginning of a phrase but end on the same seleh note, while on other occasions the melody is different and the seleh note is also different. The working out of the musical solutions was based on my own personal experience as a rebab player, in which I always attempt to find new, alternative ways of treating a gendhing (garap), so as to avoid repetitive performances.
The texts used for this version of ‘Budheng-Budheng’ are as follows.
Buka celuk – taken from the final part of an andhegan text, performed by one pesindhen which is later joined by the other two at the end of the buka.
First merong – two pesindhen sing in a metrical rhythm an andhegan text (‘Sarpa kresna...’) while the third pesindhen sings another andhegan text (‘Dhuh Kusuma...’).
Second merong – all three pesindhen sing a wangsalan and isen-isen text with different sindhenan melodies.
Inggah – the first gongan uses the text of the macapat Mijil, with a unison gerong part for the pesindhen and wiraswara (male chorus). The second gongan uses kendhang setunggal kosek alus irama wilet, introducing a calm mood, and the sindhenan part uses a wangsalan text.
The sindhenan andhegan uses the text ‘Weruh maneh...’, which is the regular andhegan used in the classic version of the gendhing.
Ladrang – the form of the ladrang used is a condensed version of the inggah form. In irama wilet, the gerongan sing a salisir text (‘Punapata mirah...’) taken from the beginning of the chronicle of Bharatayuda (around XIII century), dealing with the death of Prabu Salyo.
The next ladrang is performed in ‘semarangan’ style, with a gerongan which I composed myself both as text and music.
The second andhegan uses the text ‘Dhuh sang mangka...’ and the classic andhegan melody is developed in a palaran structure.
The aim of this revision of a well-known classical gendhing was to add variation and character along the lines of the traditional piece and without changing its aesthetic values. The additions were meant to enhance, by gradual building up, the ‘preness’ (coquettish) character throughout the piece, also with the use of three instead of one pesindhen.
Ladrang ‘Kembang Kacang’ laras pelog pathet nem
It is not known when this gendhing was composed, but from the information I was able to obtain, it is thought that ‘Kembang Kacang’ was originally a song which in the 1960s was arranged in a version for Javanese gamelan in the form of a ladrang, and as such was given the present name.
Normally, ladrang ‘Kembang Kacang’ is performed with ciblon irama dados kendhangan pematut, with the sindhenan using texts of wangsalan and salisir. This gendhing contains a sindhenan andhegan gawan gendhing which is not found in any other gendhing. The text for this sindhenan gawan gendhing is as follows:
Kuning kuning Kembang Blimbing
Maya maya
Maya maya
Sing kuning sing duwe sapa
In performance, this andhegan may use andhegan budheng-budheng , but in the final phrase the sindhenan melody ends on seleh 5.
Sukamso and I attempted to present a new version of ladrang ‘Kembang Kacang’, including the use of triple time. R.C. Harjo Soebroto first used this kind of treatment for gendhing ‘Langen Sekar’. Our idea to recreate ladrang ‘Kembang Kacang’ arose while we were teaching a group of veterans, the karawitan group “Koperasi Veteran Indonesia” (KOVERI) from Surakarta, in preparation for their participation in a karawitan competition at RRI Surakarta and RRI Semarang in 1991. At that time, each group had to perform a newly created version of a traditional gendhing and our group won first place in the competition.
We composed the final section – sindhenan and gerongan text and music in triple time – based on and coherently with the mood of the original gendhing.
Texts and translations
Gendhing BUDHENG-BUDHENG (Trio) pelog nem
Buka
Sindhen 1 Sulistyane anenangi wiragane
Wimbuhana mimba memanise
Sindhen 2, 3 Mimba memanise
Merong 1
Sindhen 1, 2 Sarpa kresna puspa rujit
Mung handika masku
Satuhune ingkang asung daredah ing galih
Yekti tanpa sama
Sindhen 3 Dhuh Kusuma tuk ing arum
Gandhes luwes saso lahe
Liringira karya tratap ing wardaya
Kenes wicarane dasar wasis merak ati
Sindhen 1, 2 Sulistyane anenangi
Wiragane tangeh ana mimba memanise
Merong 2
Sindhen 3 Kawi sekar sekar pepundhen Sri Kresna
Lir puspita warnaning kusumeng pura
Kembang nangka nangka rum kang ganda harda
Nyebal saking tedhak turune wong sudra
Puspa lulut pathining ton wastanira
Dipun asih
Dipun asih
Lila legawa ing driya
Sindhen 2 Arum... wong kuning... arum... wong rangkung... arum... Gusti...
Lila legawa ing driya
Sindhen 1 Wideng galeng putri adi ing Madiun
Sapa duwe garwa ayu tur tuhu janji
Sasolahe jatmika bisa weh rimang
Inggah 1
Sindhen 1, 2, 3 Kang kadulu reroncen melathi
Gerong Malela katong ton rina wengi amung dadi impen
Pepuntone pantes digoleki
Dununge wong manis ingkang maweh wuyung
Inggah 2
Sindhen 3, 2 wangsalan
Andhegan 1
Sindhen 1 Weru maneh yen we ruha
Njupuk ala dudu dokokanne
He-he i he he-he ihe
Ngalah ena bojone sing wire kuning
Rompyoh ala rompyoh rompyoh sesinome
He-he i he he-he ihe
Ngembang bakung reremane
Ngudhup ala turi gegodhege
He-he i he he-he ihe
‘Kusuma gandane arum’
Ngger angger atak arum arum arum
Ladrang 1
Sindhen 2, Punapata mirah ingsun
Gerong Prihatin waspa gung mijil
Tuhu dhahat tanpa karya
Asengkang rinemekan gusti
Gelung rinusak sekarnya
Sumawur gambir melathi
Ladrang 2
Sindhen 1 wangsalan
Andhegan 2
Sindhen 3 Dhuh sang mangka tuk ing arum
Kang sawang siteng su
Ing warnane
He-he i he he-he ihe
Tuhu lamun kuma laning estri
Gandhes ala luwes luwes
Wicarane
He-he i he he-he ihe
Milangoni lelewane
Wimbuh aparigel
Sasolahe
He-he i he he-he ihe
‘Kusuma gandane arum’
Ngger angger atak arum arum arum
Ladrangan
Tutti Ni mas iki ujude sumbangsih
Mlathi kang rinonce daya pigunane
Kanggo kalung tansah bisaa anyambung
Jroning sarawung sirna rasa bingung
Buka
Sindhen 1 Her beauty matches her behaviour
Enhancing her good looks
Sindhen 2, 3 Becoming more and more beautiful
Merong 1
Sindhen 1, 2 Black snake with flowers scattered all around
you are the only one I adore
you turn my heart upside down
no one can equal that
Sindhen 3 Oh, my darling girl, so fragrant
her movements are all so graceful
the look in her eyes makes the heart tremble
her coquettish speech captures the heart with such ease
Sindhen 1, 2 Her beauty matches
her behaviour, impossible for anyone to equal her beauty
Merong 2
Sindhen 3 The Kawi word for flower, Sri Kresna’s flower with supernatural powers
the beauty of the princess from the palace is like a flower
the flower of the babal [very young jackfruit]
the strong fragrance of the cempedak [another kind of jackfruit]
not suitable to be a descendant of the common people
a tame flower [tlasih = basil] clearly seen
loved, loved
pure is her heart
Sindhen 2 Oh, my darling, so tall and beautiful
how pure her heart
Sindhen 1 A crab in the rice fields, the beautiful princess from Madiun
Who has a beautiful wife and always keeps his promise?
So well-mannered, making it easy to fall in love
Inggah 1
Sindhen 1, 2, 3 I see a garland of jasmine flowers
Gerong day and night it is my dream
finally worth looking for
in the place of a pretty girl who makes me insane with love
Inggah 2
Sindhen 3, 2 wangsalan (not translated)
Andhegan 1
Sindhen 1 Especially if he seen
unpleasant and out of place
He-he i he-he-ihe
outdoing his wife who is of pale complexion
with thick locks of hair hanging down
He-he i he-he ihe
her hair resembles the flower of a wild lily
shaped at the sides like the flowers of the sesbaniatree
He-he i he he-he ihe
‘oh, such a sweet scented maiden’
ever so fragrant fragrant fragrant
Ladrang 1
Sindhen 2 What is wrong, the jewel of my heart
Gerong so sad, crying so many tears
there is really no use
the ornaments on her ears have been broken
the flowers in her hair spoiled
gambir and jasmine scattered all around
Ladrang 2
Sindhen 1 wangsalan
Andhegan 2
Sindhen 3 Oh, sweet goddess, the source of such fragrance
who looks at the moon
and its light
He-he i he he-he ihe
truly his wife radiates
eloquence
in her speech
He-he i he he-he ihe
her manner is so engaging
as to make her behaviour
more charming
He-he i he he-he ihe
‘oh such a sweet scented girl’
ever so fragrant fragrant fragrant
Ladrangan
Tutti My lady, this is proof of love
the power of jasmine flowers strung in a necklace
always hoping to bring people closer together
averting any sense of confusion
Ladrang KEMBANG KACANG pelog nem
Kebar
Sindhen 1, 2, 3 Lencir kuning dedegé pakulitané
Gerong Mbranyak semu lanyap sembada mrak ati
Ngengleng cenganglangan kang abangkit tumingal
Sang Dyah Banuwati raja putri Ngastina
Sindhenan pematut
Sindhen 3 Omah gendheng tak saponane ya rama
Abot entheng tak lakonane
Garwa Salya Kepiting gung ing samodra
Ayem tentrem sawangane sun prasetya
Gones nenes sun prasetya sumungkem salaminira
Salisir
Sindhen 2 Pratandhane hambeg sadu
Gerong Nedya nggayuh kautaman
Mardi ring tyas tan rinasa
Rasa rasaning dumadya
Sindhenan pematut
Sindhen 1 Anjang anjang parene welut ya kang mas pejah
Gesang kula nggih tumut
Sumber wisma Jawata sirah Dipangga
Gones nenes wicarane ayu mumur
Gones nenes ayu mumur kawulane tan nglenggana
Sindhenan andhegan (gawan gendhing)
Sindhen 3 Kuning kuning Kembang Blimbing
Maya maya
Maya maya
Sing kuning sing duwe sapa
Sesarengan
Sindhen 1, 2 Kledhang kledhang anyamping parang
Gerong Gelung kondhe cecundhuk kembang
Lelewane ne nyata agawe lam lam ing pandulu
Kuciwane wong manis tansah ngembang kacang
Suntrut suntrut ambesengut
Dhuh wong manis esemu ngujiwat
Sindhen 1, 2, 3 Nyamping parang agelung kondhe cundhuk kembang
Gerong Lelewane gawe lam kang andulu
Kuciwane tansah ngembang kacang
Suntrut suntrut ambesengut
Dhuh wong manis angujiwat
Kebar
Sindhen 1, 2, 3 Her figure is tall and slim
Gerong with sharp features and an upward gaze, strong and pleasing to the heart
madly in love, looking up, then arising to show herself
as Sang Dyah Banuwati, daughter of the King of Ngastina
Sindhen Pematut
Sindhen 3 I will sweep your house from top to bottom Father
I will do light work and heavy work
Salya’s wife [Dewi Setyawati] as the faithful horseshoe crab
appearing so calm and peaceful, I swear my loyalty
flirtatious and coquettish, I swear to be devoted for ever
Salisir
Sindhen 2 The signs of an eminent character
Gerong always striving to achieve excellence
training the heart, not feeling
the feelings felt by other living creatures
Sindhenan pematut
Sindhen 1 A bamboo trellis, with vines like eels, oh husband
alive or dead, I will follow you
the water from the well, Dewata with an elephant head [Bathara Gana]
flirtatious, coquettish in her speech, beautiful, shattered
flirtatious, coquettish, shattered, the servants are not happy
Sindhenan andhegan (gawan gendhing)
Sindhen 3 Yellow, yellow, the flower of the star fruit
its yellow blossom
its yellow blossom
who does it belong to
Sesarengan
Sindhen 1, 2 She goes out wearing a sarong with a parang motif
Gerong her hair tied back in a knot and decorated with flowers
her style is exquisite
but alas, the pretty girl always reminds of the flower of the peanut plant [besengut]
frowning, frowning and grumbling
oh, pretty one, your smile is so enchanting
Sindhen 1, 2, 3 She wears a sarong with a parang motif
Gerong her hair tied in a knot and decorated with flowers
her style catches the eyes of all those who see her
but alas, she always reminds of the flower of the peanut tree
gloomy, gloomy and grumbling, oh pretty, enchanting girl
Gamelan between tradition and innovation
An interview with Rahayu Supanggah
Ravenna, July 2004. A pleasant cool breeze mitigated the usually hot summer of this jewel-case of Byzantine mosaics. How nice that this city should host the only Italian performance of “I La Galigo”, the extraordinary epic theatre work by Robert Wilson.
I could not miss the opportunity to meet again - this time away from his Surakarta home-base - the well-known gamelan master and now assembler/creator of the musics in Wilson’s production. Rahayu Supanggah is probably the most creative of the living Javanese musicians. What makes him a pivotal figure is the fact that his being contemporary is firmly rooted in the mainstream of gamelan tradition, that complex and refined musical world also known as karawitan.
A short biographical sketch. Born in 1949 into a family of dhalang (puppeteers), the young Supanggah was not sure he wanted to be an artist. But it happens that he entered the formal art school, Konservatory Karawitan Indonesia (Surakarta), pursued the musical studies at ASKI (now STSI), and in 1985 completed his PhD in ethnomusicology at the Paris VII University in France. During his studies he was totally involved in the arts. He became involved in various activities of artistic, scholarly, and organizational nature. As a composer, towards the end of the 1960’s, he was noted for his innovative works, somehow gaining for himself the stamp of a rebel artist. Later on, his works were seen as fitting into a natural development of traditional Indonesian music, particularly avoiding the foreign experimentalism coming from the West.
Supanggah’s commitments and achievements have taken him around the world. The multiform aspects of his profession - as composer, performer, ethnomusicologist - have enriched his views and broadened his involvement in the world of music. For us Westerners, both musicologists and simple music lovers, he represents an ideal “bridge” and an interlocutor for our gaining access to the richness of gamelan music.
Following our brief encounter in Ravenna, Bapak Rahayu Supanggah accepted to provide some answers to my questions. Here is the result of the interview.
John Noise Manis -
Can we say that among Javanese musicians you are the one who has been more in contact with Western musical culture?
Bapak Rahayu Supanggah -
I don’t think that I am the one who has been more in contact with Western musical culture. As you know, since the 1950’s, or even before, there have been several Javanese teaching gamelan in various countries such as the US, Australia, England, Holland, etc. I am only one of them. At the same time, many Javanese have also been learning and playing Western music, although unfortunately they have never been abroad, to the West. As a musician of today, it is necessary for me to learn and to work as much as possible with people (artists) of different cultures. I don’t treat differently the cultures of the west, the east, the south, and the north - in the same way as the cultures of the different parts of Indonesia.
JNM -
Do you feel that karawitan is properly known and appreciated in the West?
BRS -
Depends on which country we are thinking of. Each country has different relations with Indonesia and Java - politically, emotionally, economically, culturally. People in each country listen, play, and compose gamelan music for different reasons and goals. Their appreciation depends on those elements, and on how long they have been in contact with, and on how deep is their knowledge of gamelan music and gamelan culture.
JNM -
What are the aspects that can be an obstacle to a wider appreciation of karawitan by Western music lovers?
BRS -
My knowledge of “westerner” is very limited. I don’t think I have a good answer to the question, but I have the impression that in the West for most of them (composers) music is merely a sound phenomenon, while in Java karawitan is a cultural phenomenon. When we listen to the gamelan, we don’t listen merely to the sound but also to the context and the relation between musicians and the audience. Javanese music in general reflects Javanese mentality. The way of playing an instrument also reflects the character of the musician who is playing. The way of playing of the group is like a dialog among musicians and with the audience.
I would think that Western listeners should know better Javanese culture in order to appreciate more Javanese music.
JNM -
Your answer in terms of “sound” versus “cultural” phenomena is very clear. But I wonder if, speaking of the Western side, you meant to refer just to “composers” or also to “listeners”. If you think that a Western audience (listeners, not composers) also tends to approach music primarily as “sound”, then perhaps the first step in winning appreciation - for any “foreign” music - is a special attention to the “sound” being offered. In this case, the “culture” side - very important - could hopefully follow at a later stage, as it is factually difficult that it can accompany, in most circumstances, the first meeting with the foreign sounds. What do you think?
BRS -
This might not answer your question. This is also my problem if I use the term “composer”. I am personally afraid to call myself a composer. I love karawitan and music in general. I listen, I play, and I make music. When I play or make music, it is simply for ourselves - me, other musicians playing, and listeners, whoever. I have never thought whom my music is addressed to. The more people listen to the music, the better and greater honour I get. As you know, the audience in Java can come and leave the concert any time they like. I don’t know yet who will listen to my music. Westerners? There are so many (types of) westerners. I don’t know very well their culture, their attitudes, their tastes, their interests. I cannot make guesses. The most important thing for me, in relation to the foreign audience, is how we can provide good, honest, and comprehensive information, musically as well as culturally. What I aim at is to do my best - for myself, for my musicians, for my society, and if possible for larger audiences. I don’t want my musicians to be suffering in playing my music. As I am also belonging to the traditional karawitan musical society, I don’t want to hurt the feelings of the people, owners and supporters of the music. Especially when I work or deal with music or musicians belonging to another culture or region.
JNM -
It is understood that the authentic Javanese type of listening to music is profound, inner-centred, and blessed by rasa. Also, there might be the impression that the highest levels of musical perception are attained in ways that pertain to types of “secret knowledge”. If it is so, on what conditions and with what prerequisites can a Western listener come close to the authentic Javanese listening experience?
BRS -
It is true that rasa is very important, especially for musicians. But its profundity really depends on the individual musician and/or audience, besides of course on the context of performance, including space and time. There are different “concerts”, from the ones for meditation purpose to the ones just for entertainment. As you know, to enjoy karawitan, even for musicians playing at a klenengan, it is not necessary that everybody is too “serious” (in the western sense). We must enjoy ourselves, with or without an audience. Very often musicians play just for themselves. Of course audience could also join, participate in their own ways, talking, eating snacks, drinking, playing cards, etc. while attending the klenengan. At certain moments, audience can react when touched by the music. The sense of rasa is really different in various people; it depends on the preparation of each individual and on circumstances. Most important for an audience in enjoying the karawitan performance might be to catch its impression and the feeling of surrendering oneself to what is going on and to the environment.
JNM -
What do you think of Martopangrawit’s statement “karawitan is a finished product”?
BRS -
I could understand the statement of Martopangrawit, as a maestro of traditional karawitan, who loved karawitan so much. Karawitan was his life. The same thing also happened in the world of wayang kulit. I think, however, as the world changes all the time, that karawitan should also change in order to adapt to it. The taste, the needs, the language, the system of values evolve. Karawitan is now listened to and played not only by Javanese; this means that it should also widen its orientation so as to better communicate its values to the broader audience and in the various functions. Karawitan might be more developed, both in its form and in its contents.
JNM -
New musical creations in Java tend to be classified as either “kréasi baru” (new compositions in the traditional style) or “gamelan kontèmporèr” (compositions using experimental forms and sounds). I don’t know if there are further classifications of contemporary musical production (of course, we exclude the light or pop music area) but how would you consider an activity that could be called “gendhing rékréasi” - that is, a re-creation, a new rendering of a classical gendhing?
BRS -
I don’t really know what you mean by gendhing rekreasi. I’ve never heard this term before.
JNM -
You are right. What I have in mind is something that happens - not infrequently - in Western music. Something that recently has been especially analysed and put into perspective by the musicologist Peter Szendy. But examples should clarify best. When Igor Stravinskij made “Pulcinella” using music by Pergolesi and Gallo, that was a great case of music re-creation. From the orchestration of pieces for piano (Ravel from Mussorgskij) to other arrangements (Berio from Mahler and folk music) there seem to be successful opportunities, for a composer, for creating new renderings of existing music, if he is so inclined. An example of potential rekreasi in gamelan music could be the revising of, say, gendhing Kombang Mara: to have a pesindhen duet.instead of a single pesindhen.
BRS -
In karawitan, I prefer not to use any terminology - neither kreasi, nor rekreasi, nor contemporary. It is up to the audience, musicologists, ethnomusicologists, critics, or whoever. There are no clear boundaries - besides, not necessary. In Java we have the word garap, which can be roughly translated as “treatment”. Since there was no written tradition for karawitan and most traditional music in Nusantara, there is still great liberty to treat the music, depending on the context, occasion, function, goal, and whom I work with or for. But this liberty in treatment requires to act very carefully, with full tanggung jawab (responsibility, accountability) on the various planes - cultural, moral, artistical, and academic (if needed). For “I La Galigo”, for example, I didn’t touch the traditional repertoire - especially some songs and instrumental music that use traditional ensemble. I present that music as it is. The rest is completely my music that I “made” based on the “essence” of the music of Sulawesi - music that I learned, I heard, and I feel. That’s why the orchestration and instrumentation are really weird - rubbish. I don’t know whether you call it rekreasi. I made the new music or I asked them to play as they usually do.
JNM -
Outside of Java, should karawitan stay solely with the ethnomusicologists, or should it be dealt with also by musicologists?
BRS -
As gamelan is now used for different purposes, gamelan could stay with both, ethnomusicologists or musicologists. Most important for me, as I already said, is that everyone who deals (especially in a creative way) with gamelan should clarify why, for what purpose, how, where and when he does that. He should be tanggung jawab esthetically, morally, and culturally.
JNM -
Is it reasonable to think that a Javanese musician could/should observe Western classical music with the eye (ear) of an ethnomusicologist for symmetry’s sake?
BRS -
I would think so. Principally music is born within and for a certain society in a particular place and time, and in the context of particular needs.
Programme
Track 1 Gendhing BUDHENG-BUDHENG pelog nem 33:37
Track 2 Gendhing gender Ladrang SAWUNG GALING slendro sang 14:06
Track 3 Ladrang KEMBANG KACANG pelog nem 12:17
Musicians in Budheng-Budheng and Kembang Kacang
Rebab: Suraji
Kendhang: Wakijo
Gender: Sukamso
Gender Panerus: Slamet Riyadi
Bonang Barung: Suyadi
Bonang Panerus: Sarno
Slenthem: Sugimin
Demung: Hadi Boediono
Saron: Rusdiyantoro
Saron Panerus: Singgih Sri Cundomanik
Gambang: Darno
Suling: Supardi
Siter: Joko Purwanto
Kenong, Kethuk: Sigit Setyawah
Gong: Prasadiyanto
Wiraswara (Gerong): Darsono, Suyoto, Waluyo
Sindhen I: Sri Suparsih
Sindhen II: Rini Rahayu
Sindhen III: Yayuk Sri Rahayu
A note for the Western lover of classical vocal music, with a bit of fantasy – The three singing roles in Budheng-Budheng could be classified as follows: Sri Suparsi ‘coloratura’, Rini Rahayu ‘mezzo-soprano’, Yayuk Sri Rahayu ‘soprano lirico’.
Translations: Adi Deswijaya, Janet Purwanto, Rosella Balossino
Musicians in Ldr Sawung Galing
Ibu Pringgo (gender), Bambang Sosrodoro, Hadi Boediono, Joko Santoso, Ketut Saba, Kuwat, Nyoman Sukerna, Rusdiyantoro, Sarno, Slamet Riyadi, Sugimin, Sukamso, Supardi
Musical Design, Mastering, and Photos: John Noise Manis
YANTRA PRODUCTIONS
yantra@gamelan.it |